Seerah | Lecture 14 | First Year after Hijrah (Part 2)

The first year after the Hijra (migration) to Madina Munawwara involved the establishment of the Islamic government, the construction of mosques, the formation of social bonds between the Muhajireen (migrants from Makkah) and the Ansar (residents of Madina), and the formalization of congregational practices. The Prophet Muhammad established the first mosque at Quba, followed by the Masjid-e-Nabawi, and initiated a political agreement with the Jewish tribes of Madina to ensure mutual protection and peaceful coexistence. This period also saw the introduction of the adhan (call to prayer) and the implementation of the Aqdul Muwakhah, a system of brotherhood that integrated the displaced migrants into the economic and social fabric of the city.

Mosques and congregational worship

• Masjid-e-Quba — the first mosque established by the Prophet, where performing two rakat of prayer yields the reward of an Umrah (▸2:01, ▸2:42, ▸3:06).
• Weekly visitation — the Prophet would visit Masjid-e-Quba every Saturday, traveling either on foot or by animal, to lead congregational prayer (▸3:32, ▸3:44, ▸4:07).
• Masjidul Jumu'ah — the site where the Prophet led the first Jumu'ah prayer in Madina, specifically within the territory of the Bani Salim tribe (▸4:15, ▸5:13).
• Jumu'ah conditions — according to the Hanafi madhhab, the Jumu'ah prayer is specific to Darul Islam (territory under Muslim governance), which explains why it was not performed in Makkah ▸4:57.
• The Adhan — after consulting the companions, the Prophet adopted the adhan following a dream shared by several Sahaba, including Abdullah ibn Zaid and Umar ibn al-Khattab (▸14:10, ▸17:43, ▸18:16).
• Selection of the Mu'adhdhin — the Prophet instructed Abdullah ibn Zaid to teach the words of the adhan to Bilal ibn Rabah, citing his stronger and louder voice (▸20:32, ▸20:46).

Social and political integration

• Residence — upon arriving in Madina, the Prophet resided in the home of Abu Ayyub Ansari for seven months until the completion of the Masjid-e-Nabawi and his own living quarters (▸5:28, ▸5:57, ▸6:53).
• Respect for the Prophet — Abu Ayyub Ansari took great care to avoid living directly above the Prophet, and he would seek out the specific spots where the Prophet had placed his fingers on a dish to eat, seeking blessings from the leftovers (▸7:17, ▸8:42).
• Garlic and onions — the Prophet clarified that while eating garlic or onions is not haram, he dislikes it because he communicates privately with angels, who are repelled by foul odors; consequently, it is considered makruh to consume these before attending the mosque (▸11:48, ▸12:16, ▸13:17).
• Agreement with the Jews — the Prophet established a political pact with the Jews of Madina, guaranteeing peace, harmony, and mutual defense against external threats (▸21:51, ▸23:18).
• Aqdul Muwakhah — the Prophet paired each Muhajir with an Ansari as brothers, encouraging the sharing of wealth, property, and businesses to support the migrants (▸25:08, ▸29:06).
• Brotherhood among Muhajireen — following the initial pairing, the Prophet also established brotherhoods among the Muhajireen themselves to ensure mutual support ▸39:48.
• Brotherhood of Ali — when Ali ibn Abi Talib requested a brother, the Prophet declared him his brother in this world and the hereafter, a status unique to him (▸40:17, ▸40:36).

Notable events and figures

• Abdur Rahman ibn Auf — despite being offered half of his Ansari brother's wealth, he declined and instead sought directions to the market, eventually becoming a highly successful merchant through the Prophet's dua for barakah (▸29:35, ▸32:16, ▸33:23).
• Salman al-Farsi — he accepted Islam after verifying three signs of prophethood: the Prophet's refusal to accept sadaqa, his acceptance of hadiyya (gifts), and the presence of the seal of prophethood on his back (▸41:10, ▸42:21, ▸43:34).
• Abdullah ibn Zubair — the first child born to the Muhajireen in Madina; the Prophet performed tahneek by chewing a date and placing it in the infant's mouth (▸45:10, ▸45:39).
• Deaths — three prominent Ansar passed away during the first year: As'ad ibn Zurara, Kulthum ibn Hidam, and Bara' ibn Ma'rur (▸44:30, ▸44:40, ▸44:49).