Bahaar-e-Shariat Volume 6 (Hajj and Umrah)

This work details the laws, virtues, and etiquettes of Hajj and Umrah according to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. It establishes that Hajj became fard (obligatory) in 9 Hijri and is a duty to be performed once in a lifetime by those who possess the necessary physical health and financial means. The text defines the three types of Hajj—Ifraad (Hajj only), Tamat’tu (Umrah followed by Hajj in the same season), and Qiraan (combining both in one Ehraam)—and provides the specific legal conditions for the validity and execution of each.

The work emphasizes the sanctity of the Haram (the sacred precincts of Makkah) and the Ehraam (the state of ritual consecration). It outlines the prohibitions during Ehraam, such as the use of fragrance, wearing sewn clothing, hair removal, and hunting, while detailing the Dam (expiation) or Sadaqah required for various violations. The text also covers the essential pillars of Hajj, including the Wuqoof (stay) at Arafat, the Tawaaf (circumambulation) of the Ka’bah, and the Sa’ee between Safa and Marwah, alongside the Waajib (necessary) actions like the Rami (pelting) of the Jamraat. Finally, the work addresses the Hajj e Badal (proxy Hajj), the rules of vows (Man’nat), and the spiritual etiquettes of visiting Madina Tayyibah and the blessed court of the Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ.

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Key topics & takeaways

Belief and Foundations

• Definition of Hajj — the work holds that Hajj consists of wearing Ehraam, staying at Arafat on the 9th of Zil-Hijjah, and performing Tawaaf ▸page 42.
• Conditions for Compulsory Hajj — the work lists Islam, puberty, sanity, freedom, physical health, financial ability (surplus to essential needs), and the Hajj season as requirements ▸page 44.
• Financial Thresholds — the work holds that funds must cover travel, conveyance, and maintenance for dependents during the journey ▸page 56.
• Women’s Travel — the work holds that a woman must be accompanied by her husband or a Mahram if the journey exceeds three days or 92 kilometers ▸page 70.

Ehraam and Prohibitions

• Prohibited Actions — the work lists sexual intimacy, hunting, clipping nails, removing hair, covering the head or face (for men), and wearing sewn clothing as forbidden in Ehraam ▸page 125.
• Permissible Actions — the work permits bathing (without removing dirt), using an umbrella, wearing a ring, extracting teeth, and killing harmful creatures like snakes or scorpions ▸page 132.
• Expiation for Fragrance — the work holds that excessive application of perfume requires a Dam, while small amounts require Sadaqah ▸page 304.
• Stitched Clothing — the work holds that wearing stitched garments for a full day and night requires a Dam, while less time requires Sadaqah ▸page 310.

Rites of Hajj and Umrah

• Meeqaat Locations — the work identifies Dhul Hulaifah, Dhaat e Irq, Juhfah, Qarn, and Yalamlam as the designated points for entering Ehraam ▸page 103.
• Tawaaf Rules — the work holds that Tawaaf must be performed inside Masjid ul Haraam and prohibits passing through the Hateem ▸page 171.
• Rami (Pelting) — the work requires seven pebbles for each Jamrah and prohibits the use of cursed or impure stones ▸page 259.
• Wuqoof at Arafat — the work holds that departing Arafat before sunset is prohibited and requires a Dam as expiation ▸page 237.
• Halq and Taqseer — the work holds that shaving or trimming the hair is required to exit Ehraam, noting that shaving is prohibited for women ▸page 264.

Special Cases and Expiations

• Hajj e Badal — the work holds that proxy Hajj is permissible only if the principal is physically incapable and provides the funds from their own wealth ▸page 360.
• Muhsar — the work holds that one hindered from completing Hajj by illness or enemy must send a Hady (sacrificial animal) to the Haram to exit Ehraam ▸page 348.
• Sexual Intercourse — the work holds that intercourse before the Wuqoof at Arafat voids the Hajj, while intercourse after Arafat requires a Badanah (large animal sacrifice) ▸page 318.

Virtues and Ziyaarat

• Madina Tayyibah — the work emphasizes the virtues of residing in Madina and warns against ill-treating its residents ▸page 389.
• Ziyaarat of the Prophet — the work holds that visiting the Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ, is highly recommended, requiring respectful standing and avoiding loud speech ▸page 392.
• Jannatul Baqi’ — the work holds that visiting the graves of the Sahaba, the wives of the Prophet, ﷺ, and the martyrs of Uhud is a virtuous act ▸page 409.