# Seerah | Lecture 15 | Permission to defend & the change of Qiblah - Type: Lecture - By: TheSunniWay - Extent: 46 min - Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxC3TfqIUNs - Original source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxC3TfqIUNs - Canonical URL: https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change- - Publisher: Noor E Nabi (https://noorenabi.org) The second year of the Hijra was marked by the transition of the Muslim community in Madina from a state of defensive patience to the authorization of military action against the *mushrikin* of Makka. This period saw the formal revelation of divine permission to fight those who had oppressed the believers and driven them from their homes. Alongside these military developments, the community underwent a significant change in the direction of prayer, shifting from *Baitul-Maqdis* in Palestine back toward the *Ka'ba* in Makka. This change served as a test of obedience, distinguishing those who followed the Messenger of Allah out of sincere submission from those who wavered in their faith. ### Defensive measures and military expeditions - **Permission to fight** — Allah revealed the verse *udhina lilladhina yuqataluna bi-annahum zulimu* in the month of Safar, granting the Muslims permission to defend themselves against those who had oppressed them ([7:13](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=733)). - **Nature of the conflict** — The fighting was strictly defensive, intended to protect the lives, wealth, and families of the Muslims ([9:03](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=903)). - **Definition of *Sariya*** — A military expedition in which the Messenger of Allah did not personally participate ([18:44](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=1844)). - **Definition of *Ghazwa*** — A military expedition in which the Messenger of Allah personally participated ([19:01](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=1901)). - **Frequency of expeditions** — Estimates by scholars suggest there were between 47 and 56 *saraya* and between 19 and 27 *ghazawat* during the ten years in Madina ([19:30](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=1930), [20:14](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=2014), [21:06](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=2106)). - **Sariya-e-Hamza** — The first *sariya*, led by Sayyiduna Hamza with 30 Muhajirin, sent to monitor 300 of the *mushrikin* led by Abu Jahl; the conflict was averted by the intervention of a third party ([23:09](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=2309)). - **Sariya-e-Ubayd ibnul-Harith** — An expedition where Sayyiduna Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas fired the first arrow in the path of Allah; no casualties occurred ([25:05](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=1505)). - **Ghazwa-e-Abwa** — The first *ghazwa* in which the Messenger of Allah participated; he stayed in the village of Abwa for 15 days and established non-aggression agreements with local tribes ([27:48](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=2748)). - **Ghazwa-e-Dhul-'Ushayra** — An expedition involving 200 Muhajirin intended to intercept a caravan carrying the seized goods of the Muslims ([31:31](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=3131)). - **Sariya-e-Nakhla** — A mission led by Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Jahsh to monitor the activities of the *mushrikin* near Makka, which resulted in a skirmish that provided the *mushrikin* with a pretext for further aggression ([32:44](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=3244)). ### The change of Qibla - **Initial direction** — Upon arriving in Madina, the Muslims were ordered to face *Baitul-Maqdis* in prayer ([35:27](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=3527)). - **Divine observation** — Allah continuously observed the Messenger of Allah turning his face toward the sky in anticipation of the command to return to the *Ka'ba* ([37:32](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=3732)). - **The revelation** — While leading the Zuhr prayer at the mosque of the tribe of Bani Salama, the command was received to turn toward the *Masjid-e-Haram* ([39:16](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=3916)). - **Masjidul-Qiblatain** — The location where the change of direction occurred, now known as the "Mosque of the Two Qiblas," situated northwest of the *Masjidun-Nabawi* ([40:35](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=4035)). - **Purpose of the change** — The change served to distinguish the truly obedient from those who followed the previous direction only because it aligned with the practices of the Jews ([42:34](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=4234)). - **Prophetic sign** — The change confirmed the status of the Messenger of Allah as the *Sahib-ul-Qiblatayn* (the one who followed two Qiblas), a sign mentioned in previous scriptures ([44:14](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=4414)). ### Internal and external threats - **Abdullah ibn Ubayy** — The leader of the *munafiqin* (hypocrites) who became an enemy of the Prophet after his own ambitions to be crowned king of Madina were thwarted by the Prophet's arrival ([3:06](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=306)). - **Threats from Makka** — The *mushrikin* of Makka sent a letter to the leaders of Madina threatening to kill the Muslims and exploit their women if they did not expel the Prophet ([3:59](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=399)). - **Hostility of the Jews** — Despite agreements, the Jewish tribes in Madina plotted with the *mushrikin* of Makka to eliminate the Muslim community ([6:52](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=652)). - **Enmity of Abu Jahl** — Abu Jahl actively sought to unite tribes against the Muslims and attempted to prevent Sayyiduna Sa'd ibn Mu'adh from performing *tawaf* in Makka ([11:34](https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-?t=1134)). --- From the Noor E Nabi library. Quote with attribution and a link to https://noorenabi.org/knowledge-base/k-seerah-lecture-15-permission-to-defend-the-change-.